BRONX, NEW YORK—While she was conducting a survey of white-lipped peccaries in 2009, Alexine Keuroghlian of the Wildlife Conservation Society found drawings of animals and geometric figures in sandstone caves on Brazil’s Cerrado plateau. She contacted archaeologist Rodrigo Luis Simas de Aguiar, who determined the drawings were made by hunter-gatherers between 4,000 and 10,000 years ago. Some of the drawings, which depict armadillos, deer, large cats, birds, reptiles, and human-like figures, resemble drawings of the central plateau, but others are similar to images usually found further north. Excavation of the cave floor and geological dating could provide more information about the artwork.