In the realm of biochemical research, the study of CCK-4 や CCK-8 をインスリンとともにヒト筋芽細胞に投与すると、ミオシン重鎖陽性の筋管形成が促進されました。しかし、CCK-4、CCK-8、あるいはインスリンを単体で peptide fragments has opened diverse pathways for understanding cellular signaling. Among these, CCK tetrapeptide, often referred to as CCK-4 or Tetragastrin, stands out as a critical subject for those investigating gastrointestinal hormones and their synthetic analogs. My personal journey into this field began with an interest in how specific peptide sequences interact at the molecular level, leading me to examin Description. Potent releaser of insulin and other islet hormones. SEQUENCE: H-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (trifluoroacetate salt). ONE-LETTER e the unique characteristics of this C-terminal fragment.
Understanding the Structure and Origin
CCK-4 is essentially a carboxyamidated tetrapeptide of CCK, specifically representing the amino acid sequence 30-33 of the larger, 115 amino acid endogenous peptide cholecystokinin. Because it is a synthetic product derived from this complex precursor, it is often utilized in cellular and molecular biology applications to isolate specific receptor-binding activities.
Many researchers identify it as Tetragastrin (Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide; CCK-4), which is notable because it is sufficient for binding and eliciting biological activities associated with pancreozymin-like peptides. When I first sourced this material, I noted that it is typically handled as a trifluoroacetate salt, often appearing in a high-purity lyophilized form.
Research Applications and Observations
As a global supplier of CCK-Tetrapeptide (30-33), various institutions provide this compound for strictly non-clinical, analytical research. One of the primary reasons scien CCK Octapeptide, sulfated (Alternative Names: Cholecystokinin Octapeptide, sulfated, CCK-8) | 25126-32-3 ; メーカー · RSD ; 説明文, TOCRIS(バイオテクネブランド)。 tists utilize a series of tetrapeptides like CCK-4 is to study the sensitivity of specific receptors.
Interestingly, literature notes that CCK tetrapeptide acts as a potent releaser of insulin and other islet hormones in specific experimental models. My own review of the data suggests that its potency is highly dependent on the experimental environment, often requiring precise solubility in solvents like DMSO.
Behavioral and Neurochemical Context
A fascinating aspect of the literature regarding Cholecystokinin and its smaller fragments involves neurobiology. Some studies have s Development of CCK-tetrapeptide analogs as potent and uggested that systemic administration, in specific contexts, has increased GABA outflow and induced objective signs of anxiety in laboratory models. Furthermore, it is documented that this specific peptide can induce panic attacks in humans when administered intravenously during clinical observation, which highlights the profound neurological sensitivity to this signaling molecule. It is essential to note that these observations are strictly for scientific inquiry and do not imply any application as a supplement or therapeutic agent.
Technical Specifications for Researchers
For those procuring CCK-Tetrapeptide (30-33) for laboratory use, quality control is paramount. The peptide, often indexed under \u82f1\u6587\u540d\u79f0, Cholecystokinin, CCK Tetrapeptide (30-33), should always be accompanied by a certificate of analysis confirming its purity via HPLC.
Key takeaways from my experience include:
* Purity: Ensure the source guarantees >98-99% purity.
* Storage: Always store at -20°C or -80°C to maintain biological integrity.
* Safety: Always treat this as \u7814\u7a76\u7528\u8a66\u85ac\u300cCCK-Tetrapeptide (30-33)\u300d only; it is not intended f by A Rex · 1994 · Cited by 86 — The effects of the acutely administered cholecystokinin (CCK) agonists CCK tetrapeptide (BOC-CCK-4) and sulfated CCK octapeptide (CCK-8S) were examined in or any personal use, consumption, or household application.
Summary of Findings
Whether you are exploring CCK signaling pathways or comparing it to the longer CCK-8, the Tetrapeptide remains a cornerstone of gastrointestinal research. As Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system, its truncated forms like CCK-4 provide an elegant way to study the activation of CCK-A and CCK-B receptors Effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK(4)) and without the complexity of the full-length hormone. By maintaining a focus on high-quality, synthetic, and well-vetted reagents, the scientific commu CCK-Tetrapeptide (30-33) | PEPTIDE INSTITUTE, INC. nity continues to uncover the intricate roles these small but powerful molecules play in biological systems.