Upheaval and uncertainty swirled around the splendid cities of the Roman Empire at the end of the third century a.d. When a new emperor, Diocletian, took the throne in a.d. 284, he set about righting a system in shambles. By a.d. 301, Diocletian had redrawn the map of the empire’s provinces and refashioned the emperorship as a four-person job, a tetrarchy. From Britannia to Armenia, the tetrarchs’ forces had beaten back usurpers to the throne, bellicose border tribes, and rival empires alike
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