The Cost of Doing Business

Features January/February 2026

Piecing together the Roman empire’s longest known inscription—a peculiarly precise inventory of prices
A digital reconstruction shows how the Civil Basilica in the city of Aphrodisias in southwestern Anatolia would have appeared with the Edict of Maximum Prices inscribed on its facade.
Ece Savaş and Philip Stinson
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Upheaval and uncertainty swirled around the splendid cities of the Roman Empire at the end of the third century a.d. When a new emperor, Diocletian, took the throne in a.d. 284, he set about righting a system in shambles. By a.d. 301, Diocletian had redrawn the map of the empire’s provinces and refashioned the emperorship as a four-person job, a tetrarchy. From Britannia to Armenia, the tetrarchs’ forces had beaten back usurpers to the throne, bellicose border tribes, and rival empires alike

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