Oasis Makers of Arabia

Features November/December 2025

Researchers are just beginning to understand how people thrived in the desert of Oman some 5,000 years ago
Beehive-shaped tombs at the site of Al-Ayn, Oman
Vadim Nefedov/Alamy
SHARE:

Today, water flows through a canal shaded from the fierce Arabian sun by overhanging palm trees in the remote village of Maqabil in northern Oman. The settlement is at the edge of the Bat Oasis, a pinpoint of green in the otherwise rocky and barren landscape of Oman’s desert interior. While oases might seem as natural to this landscape as the dunes themselves, that’s just a mirage. Oases are often the careful creations of generations subtly manipulating the arid environment. On hills around Maqabil stand mute reminders that people have been altering their surroundings in this hard country for millennia. Those who lived in a settlement in the Bat Oasis more than 4,000 years ago buried their dead in conical tombs standing as tall as two stories that were constructed of meticulously stacked limestone blocks. Together with other well-preserved tombs at sites such as Al-Ayn and Shir, the monuments of the Bat necropolis are the most prominent of thousands of Early Bronze Age (3300–2000 b.c.) tombs that stud the craggy foothills of the Al Hajar Mountains, peaks that rise to more than 4,000 feet near Oman’s eastern coast.

Become a Digital Subscriber Today

Get full access to all content on the ARCHAEOLOGY website and our PDF archive going back to the first publication in March 1948.

Already a Subscriber? Sign In

  • Features November/December 2025

    Acts of Faith

    Evidence emerges of the day in 1562 when an infamous Spanish cleric tried to destroy Maya religion

    Read Article
    Adriana Rosas/Alamy
  • Features November/December 2025

    Temples to Tradition

    A looted cache of bronzes compels archaeologists to explore Celtic sanctuaries across Burgundy

    Read Article
    The temple at the Gallo-Roman sanctuary in Couan in east-central France
    M. Thivet, MSHE
  • Features November/December 2025

    Searching for Venezuela’s Undiscovered Artists

    Inspired by their otherworldly landscape, ancient people created a new rock art tradition

    Read Article
    José Miguel Pérez-Gómez
  • Letter from Mongolia November/December 2025

    Building the Black City

    Why the nomads of the Uighur Empire constructed a medieval urban center like no other

    Read Article
    View of Karabalgasun, Mongolia, landscape
    H. Rohland/DAI Bonn