Cultivating Fields of Stone

Features September/October 2026

Peru’s ancient farmers used intricate rock maps to plan for the future
Courtesy Patricia Aparicio Martínez
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A map of agricultural terraces is carved into a large boulder overlooking southern Peru’s Sondondo Valley. Archaeologists have recently identified dozens of such maps, known as piedras maquetas, or “stone models,” in three Andean valleys.

Rural Route 32A snakes 40 miles along the floor of the Sondondo Valley in the Andes Mountains of southern Peru. The single lane road runs through the communities of Cabana Sur and Andamarca, whose villagers grow maize and alfalfa on steep agricult

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