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This image of DNA dating to approximately 1,000 years ago comes from a piece of mineralized dental plaque, or calculus, that was processed and then stained with a dye that latches onto DNA molecules. Dental calculus has proven to be the richest known source of ancient DNA in the archaeological record. Much of this genetic material—hundreds of millions of genomes are visible here—comes from the microbiome, the communities of microbes that live in and on the human body.(Courtesy LMAMR, Univers
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